Ngokuqinisekile usuyibonile le mbono: ukuthi isikhathi sokunaka somuntu sesehlele ku-8 imizuzwana, sifushane kunesesenhlanzi yegolide. Icashunwa yonke indawo — ezindabeni, ezinkulumweni, kuma-TikTok mayelana nokuthi amafoni ancibilikisa kanjani ubuchopho bethu. Lesi yisibalo esiphelele, esilula ukwabelana ngaso, nesethusayo. Kodwa cishe sonke siqanjwe nje. Ayikho isayensi ethembekile esisekela lokhu, futhi ukuqhathanisa nesenhlanzi yegolide akunasisekelo ezicini eziningi.
Kodwa nansi kungani kufanelekile ukuyihlaziya kunokuyiphikisa nje: lesi sibalo sasabalala kakhulu ngoba siveza umuzwa wangempela. Ukugxila kwakho kuzwakala sekubuthaka kunakuqala. Ngakho umbuzo othakazelisayo akusilo ukuthi "isibalo se-goldfish siyiqiniso?" (akusilo) — umbuzo uthi "yini empeleni eshintshile, uma kungeyona into efana nobude bokunaka obungaguquki emzimbeni?" Impendulo eqotho iyasiza kakhulu, futhi inikeza ithemba elingcono, kunale nganekwane.
Imvelaphi yenganekwane ye-goldfish
Lesi simangalo se-"8-second attention span" sivame ukulandelwa emuva embikweni owawusabalala kabanzi cishe ngo-2015, wona owacaphuna imithombo okwathi, lapho abantu beyihlola ngempela, ayizisekeli lelo nani. Akukho nhlobo ucwaningo oluqinile olumisa ukuthi abantu banobude bokunaka obungaguquki bemizuzwana engu-8, futhi akukho nelilodwa elibonisa ukuthi yehla isuka kwelinye inani eliphezulu ngenxa yamafoni. Ingxenye ye-goldfish iyisengezo nje — "attention span" ayisona ngisho isici esinencazelo, esingalinganiswa, ku-goldfish, futhi lokho kuqhathanisa kwakungakaze kusekelwe kudatha yangempela.
Ngokuyisisekelo, "attention span" ayisona isibalo esisodwa esiqinile onaso. Ukunaka kuncike kakhulu esimweni. Umuntu oyedwa ongakwazi ukugxila kudokhumenti yomsebenzi imizuzu emibili angamunca ngokuphelele ifilimu, umdlalo, incwadi ethokozisayo, noma ingxoxo amahora amaningi. Ukube ubunenani eliqinile lokunaka lemizuzwana engu-8, lokho kumunca ngokuphelele bekungeke kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke umbono wale nganekwane — inani elilodwa elijwayelekile lokunaka eliba lincane — awulungile ngaphambi kokuthi ufike ngisho kulelo zibalomgunyathi.
Leso sibalo senhlanzi yegolide semizuzwana engu-8 siqanjwe amanga — akukho saensi sangempela esisekela sona. Futhi "attention span" akusona isibalo esiqinile noma kunjalo: ubuchopho obufanayo obungakwazi ukugxila embikweni imizuzu emibili bungacwila kwifilimu amahora amaningi. Umongo, hhayi isabelo esithile esinciphayo, yikho okuguqukayo.
Pho, kwashintsha ini ngempela?
Uma ubude bokunaka kwakho ngokwemvelo bungazange bunciphe, kungani ukugxila sekuzizwa kunzima kangaka? Izinto ezimbalwa zangempela zashintsha — futhi akukho neyodwa kuzo eyumthamo omncane ongaguquki.
Ukubekezelela kwakho ukushoda kwesikhuthazo kwehle
Iminyaka yokuqukethwe okusheshayo, okunomvuzo omkhulu ifundise ubuchopho bakho ukuba bulindele ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke imisebenzi ehamba kancane, enomvuzo omncane — umbiko, incwadi yesifundo, indatshana ende — manje izwakala ingavuseleli ngokwanele ngendlela engabekezeleleki, futhi isifiso sokushintshela kokuthile okusheshayo sinamandla. Akukhona ukuthi awukwazi ukugxila; ukuthi umkhawulo wakho wokuthi yini ezizwa iheha ngokwanele usunyukile. Lena yindlela yokulungisa kabusha esiyichaza ku popcorn brain.
Usemkhathini oneziphazamiso eziningi kakhulu
Kwezinye izifundo, "ukunaka" okulinganisiwe emsebenzini noma emsebenzini othile kwehle ngempela — kodwa ikakhulukazi ngoba indawo igcwele iziphazamiso: izaziso, ifoni eseduze, amathebhu amaningi, nemisindo yezaziso engapheli. Izifundo zikaGloria Mark zathola ukuthi isikhathi esimaphakathi abantu abasichitha besesikrinini esisodwa ngaphambi kokushintshela kwesinye sehle sisuka cishe emizuzwini emibili nengxenye ngo-2004 saya ngaphansi komzuzu eminyakeni yakamuva — okuyinto eyayiqhutshwa kakhulu ukuziphazamisa wena uqobo kanye nesiko lokushintshashintsha njalo (Mark, 2023). Lokho kukala ukushintsha, hhayi umthamo oqinile wokunaka. Umthamo awuzange wehle; izimo zokuwugcina zaba zimbi kakhulu.
Usuku lonke ujwayela ukunaka okuhlukanisiwe
Ukunaka kungaqeqesheka, futhi sikuqeqesha njalo ukuthi kuhlakazeke — ukufunda ngokushesha, ukushintsha imisebenzi, nokuskrola. Ubuchopho busebenza kahle kulokho obukwenza kaningi. Uma uchitha iningi lamahora akho ushintsha imisebenzi ngokushesha, ukugxila okuqhubekayo, ongase usungabe usukuzijwayezi kakhulu, kuzwakala sekugugile. Akuphelile; kumane kungakaqeqesheki kahle. Sichaza inguqulo yokufunda okujulile yalokhu ku- kungani ungasakwazi ukufunda izincwadi futhi.
Ukuxilongwa kweqiniso: umthamo wakho wokunaka ongaguquki awuncipha. Ukubekezelela kwakho izinto ezingakushukumisi kakhulu kwehle, indawo okuzungezile yagcwala kakhulu iziphazamiso, futhi wayeka ukuzijwayeza ukugxila isikhathi eside. Konke lokho kuyizimo nemikhuba — okusho ukuthi konke lokho kungashintshwa.
Kungani lo mbono oyiphutha uyingozi ngempela
Ukukholelwa emlandweni we-goldfish akuyona into engenangozi — kuyakudikibalisa buthule. Uma ucabanga ukuthi isikhathi sakho sokunaka sesinciphe ngokwemvelo saba yimizuzwana engu-8, izinkinga zokugxila ziba sengathi yisimo esingashintshi, esingenathemba ongaphunyuka kuso. Kungani ngisho uzame ukufunda incwadi noma ukwenza umsebenzi ojulile uma ubuchopho bakho sebusezingeni le-goldfish? Le nkolelo-mbumbulu iba izaba ezizigcwalisayo.
Isithombe sangempela siphambene nokuphelelwa yithemba. Uma inkinga kuyizinga eliphezulu lokuvuseleleka, indawo ephazamisayo, nokugxila okungakafundiseki kahle — hhayi isitho esinciphile — khona-ke kungabuyiselwa esimweni sangaphambili ngokuphelele. Ungalinciphisa lelo zinga, ulungise indawo ekuzungezile, bese uqeqesha kabusha ukugxila kwakho. Lokho akusilo ithemba elingenasisekelo; kuvela ngqo ekutheni ukunaka kuncike esimweni futhi kungaqeqeshwa, kunokuba kube isabelo esimisiwe esiya sincipha.
Indlela yokwakha kabusha ukugxila okuqhubekayo
Njengoba ukugxila kuyikhono elingaqeqesheka elisebenza esimweni esikuzungezile, ulithuthukisa ngokuqeqesha lelo khono nangokulungisa isimo — hhayi ngokulilela ikhono eliyinganekwane elithi lahleka:
- Lungisa isimo kuqala. Susa iziphazamiso — ifoni ingekho eduze, izaziso zivaliwe, ithebhu eyodwa kuphela. Okuningi okubukeka sengathi ukushoda kokugxila kumane kuwukuba nesimo esigcwele iziphazamiso. Shintsha izimo, bese okuningi kwale 'nkinga' kuyanyamalala.
- Prakthiza ukugxila isikhathi eside ngamabomu. Khetha umsebenzi owodwa, setha isibali sikhathi, bese uhlala kuwo naphezu kwesifiso sokushintshela kwenye. Qala ngobude ongabuphatha bese ukwandise. Uyakha kabusha umsipha ongakaqeqesheki kahle; uyaphendula ekuphindaphindeni.
- Yehlisa izinga lakho lokushukumiseka. Yehlisa okuqukethwe okushesha kakhulu ukuze imisebenzi ehamba kancane ingasabonakali ingabekezeleleki uma uyiqhathanisa. Njengoba lelo zinga lehla, ukugxila okujwayelekile kuba lula.
- Hlala naleso sifiso sokushintsha. Uma uzwa isifiso sokubheka okuthile phakathi nomsebenzi, ungalandeli leso sifiso. Njalo uma usidedela sidlule, wenza le reflex yokushintshela kwenye ibe buthaka. Leso sifiso yiso okufanele uzilolonge ukusiphikisa, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi awukwazi ukugxila.
- Sebenzisa indlela okwazi ngayo ukugxila ngokugcwele njengobufakazi. Khumbula isikhathi sokugcina lapho okuthile okukhangayo kwagcina ukunaka kwakho amahora amaningi. Leyo yikhono lakho langempela lokunaka, lisekhona ngokuphelele. Inhloso wukwenza imisebenzi yakho eminingi ifinyelele kulo — hhayi ukulilela ubude bokugxila obungakaze bulahleke.
Ingxenye yesakhiwo salokhu — ukususa iziphazamiso nokwehlisa izinga lokushukumiseka — iyona ndlela yonke esiqondisweni sethu ku-ukunciphisa isikhathi sesikrini ngaphandle kokuziphoqa. Yihlanganise nokuzijwayeza ukugxila ngamabomu, bese "ukuncipha kwesikhathi sokunaka" kuvele kubonakale njengoba kunjalo: akusona ukulahleka okungapheli, kodwa yisimo sezinto esingalungiswa.
Okubalulekile
Isikhathi sakho sokunaka asifishane kunesenhlanzi yegolide — leyo nombolo yakhiwe, futhi "isikhathi sokunaka" asiyona ngisho inombolo eqinile, njengoba noma ubani oke wangena shí efilimini amahora amabili engakufakazela. Le ndaba yamanga yasakazeka ngoba yathinta umuzwa wangempela, kodwa iyichaza kabi kakhulu imbangela, iyenze ibonakale njengomthamo wemvelo osushwabene.
Okwashintsha ngempela kuyalungiseka: ukwamukela okukhulu izinto ezivusa ingqondo, indawo egcwele ukuphazamiseka, neqiniso elilula lokuthi asisavami ukuzijwayeza ukugxila okuqhubekayo. Ikhono lakho lokugxila ngokujulile lisekhona — uyakufakazela njalo uma uzithola usulahleka entweni ekudonsayo. Yeka ukukholelwa ukuthi unengqondo yenhlanzi yegolide impilo yakho yonke, lungisa izimo, bese uzijwayeza leli khono. Ukugxila akuhambanga. Kumane kulinde izimo ezingcono ukuze kuvele kuzo.
Sources
- Mark, G. (2023). Attention Span: A Groundbreaking Way to Restore Balance, Happiness and Productivity. Hanover Square Press.
- Mark, G., Gudith, D., & Klocke, U. (2008). The cost of interrupted work: More speed and stress. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 107–110.
- Maybin, S. (2017). Busting the attention span myth. BBC News (investigation finding no source for the 8-second claim).
- Wilmer, H.H., Sherman, L.E., & Chein, J.M. (2017). Smartphones and cognition: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 605.
- Oberauer, K. (2019). Working memory and attention — A conceptual analysis and review. Journal of Cognition, 2(1), 36.
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