Kungani ungasakwazi ukufunda incwadi manje (nokuthi ungakubuyisa kanjani)

Wake wacwila ezincwadini. Manje uvula eyodwa, ufunde uhhafu wekhasi, uqaphele ukuthi awugcinanga lutho engqondweni, bese uthola isandla sakho sesiya ocingweni lwakho. Mhlawumbe usuqale izincwadi eziyishumi nambili kulo nyaka ungakaqedi neyodwa. Uma ubulilela buthule ikhono lakho lokufunda elilahlekile — futhi uzizwe unamahloni kancane ngakho — lokho kuchaza enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukubikwa ukuthi zilahleka enkathini yokuskrola. Izindaba ezinhle ezisemqoka lapha: kuyikhono, hhayi ukulahleka unomphela, futhi amakhono angakhiwa kabusha.

Ukufunda okujulile — ukuzibandakanya okuqhubekayo, okugxilile nemibhalo emide — kuvele kube buthaka kalula futhi kufundiseka kalula kunalokho ebesikucabanga. Kungancipha uma kunganakwa futhi kukhinyabezwe yizindaba ezisheshayo, kodwa kuyabuya nangokuzilolonga ngenhloso. Nakhu okwenzeka ngempela ebuchosheni bakho bokufunda, kanye nendlela engokoqobo yokubuyela ezincwadini.

Ukufunda okujulile kuyikhono elifundwayo, hhayi into ezenzakalelayo

Nakhu abantu abaningi abangakuqapheli: abantu abazalwanga befunda. Ngokungafani nolimi olukhulunywayo, ukufunda kuwusungulo lwamasiko olusanda kwenzeka ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ubuchopho abunayo isekethe ekhethekile yokufunda esizalwa nayo. Kunalokho, njengoba isazi se-neuroscience yokuqonda uMaryanne Wolf esekuchazile, ubuchopho bomfundi ngamunye bakha isekethe yokufunda kusukela ekuqaleni, busebenzisa kabusha izingxenye ezavela ukuze zenze eminye imisebenzi. Futhi okubalulekile, ukwakheka kwaleyo sekethe kuncike kulokho okufundayo nokuthi ukufunda kanjani.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ubuchopho bokufunda ngokujulile — obukwazi ukunaka isikhathi eside, ukucwiliswa, nokucubungula kancane, ngokuzindla okudingwa umbhalo omude — buyinto owazakhela yona ngokuzijwayeza, hhayi into eqinisekisiwe. Futhi njengawo wonke amakhono akhiwayo, bujwayela indlela obusetshenziswa ngayo. Chitha iminyaka uqeqesha ubuchopho bakho bokufunda emibhalweni ehlukanisiwe, efundwa ngokushesha, enezixhumanisi eziningi, ehlala iphazanyiswa, futhi busebenza kahle kakhulu kulokho — kodwa kube sekulimaza indlela yokufunda kancane, yokuzicwilisa edingwa izincwadi. Awuzange ulahlekelwe ikhono elingaguquki; ulifundise kabusha libheke kwenye indlela yokufunda.

Awuzalwanga ukwazi ukufunda ngokujulile — ubulakha lobo buchopho ngokuzijwayeza. Okuyindaba embi nenhle ngasikhathi sinye: bungaguguleka uma ububuqeqesha ngezingcezu, kodwa buzazakha kabusha uma ubuqeqesha ngezincwadi futhi.

Lokho ukuskrola okufundise ubuchopho bakho ukuthi bukwenze esikhundleni salokho

Indlela iningi lethu elifunda ngayo ku-inthanethi yehluke kakhulu ekufundeni ngokujulile. Ucwaningo ngokufunda esikrinini luchaza iphethini yokudlula nje, ukuhlola ngokushesha, nokufunda okuthiwa “okumise u-F” — ukujuluka embhalweni ufuna amagama angukhiye, akuvamile ukufunda umugqa ngomugqa, akuvamile ukuqeda. Sesikwenze lokhu amahora amaningi ngosuku, iminyaka yonke. Ngakho ubuchopho bethu bokufunda sebuphenduke abasheshayo kakhulu ekudluleni nje — kanti ukudlulisa nje kuphambene nokungena ngokubekezela, ngomugqa ngomugqa okudingwa yinoveli noma incwadi emnandi engelona iqiniso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuskrola kusifundise ukulindela izinto ezintsha nomvuzo njalo — isikhuthazo esisha njalo ngemizuzwana embalwa. Incwadi iletha imivuzo yayo kancane, ngamakhasi nangezahluko. Ebuchosheni obulungiselwe ijubane lamavidiyo amafushane, amakhasi okuqala encwadi azwakala ehamba kancane ngendlela engabekezeleleki, kanti isifiso sokushintshela kokusheshayo siba namandla kakhulu. Incwadi ayizange ibe yisicefe kakhulu; ukubekezelela kwakho umvuzo ohamba kancane sekwehlile. Lena yiyo leyo recalibration esiyichaza engxenyeni yethu nge popcorn brain.

Futhi kukhona nenkinga elula yokuphazamiseka. Uma ufunda ifoni yakho iseduze kwakho, awufundi ngempela — usuke ushaya amehlo nje phakathi kokubheka, ungahlali nombhalo isikhathi esanele ukuze ungene kuwo. Ukucwila ekufundeni kudinga isikhathi esingaphazamiseki, kanti ifoni isusa leso sikhathi.

Kungani ukuyibuyisa kuwufanele umzamo

Ukufunda ngokujulile akusona nje ukuzilibazisa okuhle okufanele ukubuyela kukho. Ukucubungula okucwilayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside okudingayo kuhlotshaniswa no-focus eqinile, ukuqonda okujulile, uzwela olukhulu (ikakhulukazi ngezindaba eziqanjiwe, ucwaningo oluzixhumanisa nokubona izinto ngeso lomunye umuntu), kanye nalolo hlobo lokucabanga okuzindlayo okungaveli ekufundeni ngokushesha nje. Ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokufunda ngokujulile akukhona nje ukulahlekelwa izincwadi — kulahleka nendlela yokucabanga.

Kuyindlela futhi ethembeke kakhulu, eyanelisayo yokwakha kabusha ukunaka ngokujwayelekile. Ukufunda incwadi kuwukuqeqeshwa kokugxila isikhathi eside ngendlela emnandi kakhulu. Ukukubuyisa akugcini nje ngokukubuyisela izincwadi; kuqinisa imisipha ebanzi yokunaka eyaguguleka ngokuskrola — okwenza kube nenzuzo ngale kokufunda.

Indlela yokubuyisa amandla okufunda

Kubheke njengokuphinda wakhe noma iliphi ikhono elibuthakathake ngenxa yokungalisetshenziswa: qala kancane, susa okuphazamisayo, wakhe kancane kancane. Indlela yokubuyela kuyo iyathembeka uma ubekezela nayo:

• Funda ifoni isekamelweni elihlukile. Isinyathelo sokuqala esingaxoxiswana ngaso. Ngeke ukwazi ukubuyisa ukucwila ekufundeni uma le divayisi ekuphazamisa iseduze. Ukuhlukanisa ngokomzimba, hhayi ukuyibeka ubuso phansi nje, kunikeza ukufunda isikhala esingaphazamiseki esikudingayo.
• Qala ngezincwadi ezimfishane, ezilula, nezijabulisayo ngempela. Ungaqali ukubuyela kwakho ngezincwadi ezinzima kakhulu. Khetha into ejabulisayo nenomfutho — inhloso wukuphinda ufunde ukucwila kuyo futhi uyiqede, hhayi ukuhlaba umxhwele muntu. Ukuqeda kwakha kabusha ukuzethemba; ukuyiyeka kuqinisa leso sithiyo.
• Funda kancane, nsuku zonke, ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Ukuqhubeka njalo kudlula ukushuba. Ngisho imizuzu engu-15–20 ngosuku, kungcono ngesikhathi esifanayo (ekuseni noma ngaphambi kokulala), kwakha kabusha lo mkhuba kangcono kunezikhathi ezinde ezivela ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Bekezelela ukungahlaliseki kwasekuqaleni. Imizuzu yokuqala embalwa — nezinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa — zizozwakala zingakhululekile futhi zihamba kancane njengoba ingqondo yakho ejwayele imivuzo esheshayo iphikisana nalokho. Lokho kungakhululeki yikufundwa kabusha okwenzeka, akusona isibonakaliso sokuthi awukwazi ukukwenza. Kuzodamba.
• Izincwadi zangempela noma izifundi ze-e-book esikhundleni sefoni. Ukufunda kudivayisi efanayo oyiskrola kuyo kukwenza kube lula ukushintshela kokunye. Incwadi ezinikele noma isifundi se-e-ink ayinayo i-feed ongabalekela kuyo.

Abantu abaningi bayamangala ukuthi ibuyela ngokushesha kangakanani — imvamisa kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa ufunda nsuku zonke, ungenalo ucingo, ukuzigxila kuyabuya futhi izincwadi azisazwakali njengomsebenzi osindayo. Lelo khono lalilele nje, alizange linyamalale. Ukuze uthole indlela ebanzi yokudala lezi zimo zokungasebenzisi ifoni, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu wokuthi unciphisa kanjani isikhathi sesikrini ngaphandle kwamandla entando.

Into esemqoka

Uma ungasakwazi ukufunda izincwadi ngendlela owawujwayele ngayo, awulahlekelwanga isipho esingaguquki — usuphinde waqeqesha ikhono osewakha ukuze libe ukubuka nje ngokushesha nokufuna imivuzo esheshayo, kwase kucindezeleka ukucwila kancane okudingwa yimibhalo emide. Ubuchopho bokufunda ngokujulile obabakhiwe ngeminyaka yokuzijwayeza sebujwayele uhlobo oluhlukile lombhalo. Yingakho manje kuzizwa kunzima kangaka, futhi yingakho kungalungiseka.

Beka ifoni kwelinye igumbi, khetha okuthile okujabulisa ngempela, funda kancane nsuku zonke, futhi ubekezelele ukungahlaliseki kokuqala kuze kube yilapho le ndlela isakhiwa kabusha. Ukucwila ekufundeni kubuya ngokushesha kunalokho obukulindele, futhi kanye nakho kubuya hhayi nje injabulo yezincwadi kodwa nokunaka okuqinile, okujule kakhulu okwakugugulelwe kancane ukuskrola. Awulahlekelwanga ikhono lakho lokufunda. Uvele wayeka ukulijwayeza. Qala futhi, futhi liyabuya.

Sources

1. Wolf, M. (2018). Reader, Come Home: The Reading Brain in a Digital World. Harper.
2. Wolf, M. (2007). Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain. Harper.
3. Mangen, A., Walgermo, B.R., & Brønnick, K. (2013). Reading linear texts on paper versus computer screen: Effects on reading comprehension. International Journal of Educational Research, 58, 61–68.
4. Mar, R.A., & Oatley, K. (2008). The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(3), 173–192.
5. Liu, Z. (2005). Reading behavior in the digital environment: Changes in reading behavior over the past ten years. Journal of Documentation, 61(6), 700–712.

Indlela esicwaninga futhi sibuyekeze ngayo lokhu