Kungani Ifoni Yakho Iyonakalisa Ukugxila Kwakho, Ngisho Nalapho Ungayisebenzisi

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngefoni yabo njengento ebaphazamisayo abangakwazi ukuyilawula: bayibeke ibheke phansi, bavule okuthi Ungaphazamisi, bayishiye kwelinye igumbi. Bacabanga ukuthi inkinga isixazululekile uma ifoni ingasabonakali. Kodwa ucwaningo lukhombisa okunye.

Ucwaningo oluningana oluvela eNyuvesi yaseTexas lwathola ukuthi ukuba khona nje kwe-smartphone etafuleni — ithule, ibheke phansi, ingasetshenziswa — kwehlisa ngokulinganisekayo umthamo wokuqonda otholakalayo (ukuphindaphindwa kwamuva okubhaliswe kusengaphambili akuwutholanga lo mphumela, ngakho usayizi wawo awuqinisekile — Ruiz Pardo & Minda, 2022). Abantu benza kabi emisebenzini edinga ukugxila nenkumbulo esebenzayo nje ngoba ifoni yabo yayiseduze. Lo mphumela wawungaqondakali. Abantu babengacabangi ukuthi bayaphazamiseka. Izingqondo zabo zazikwenza ngokuzenzakalela.

Lokhu yisimo abacwaningi abasibiza ngokuthi umphumela we-"brain drain". Futhi kukhomba okuthile okubalulekile ngendlela ama-smartphone alimaza ngayo ukugxila, okungaphuthelwa ngokuphelele yizeluleko ezijwayelekile zokuphatha ukuphazamiseka.

Kungani ukuba khona nje kwanele

Ifoni njengomsebenzi ongakaqediwe

Ubuchopho bomuntu bubheka ukuphazamiseka okungenzeka njengemisebenzi evulekile. Uma ifoni yakho ibonakala, ingxenye yenkumbulo yakho esebenzayo iyasetshenziswa ukuyibhekisisa — ibheka ukuthi iyaqhaqhazela yini, ukuthi kungenzeka kube khona okudinga ukunakwa, noma ukuthi uphuthelwe yini okuthile. Lokhu kwenzeka ungakuqapheli kahle, yingakho abantu bekubukela phansi lokhu.

Lokhu kuhlobene nalokho izazi zengqondo ezikubiza ngokuthi umphumela ka-Zeigarnik: imisebenzi engakaqedwa ithatha isikhala esiningi sengqondo kunemisebenzi eseqediwe. Ifoni engase ibe nezaziso ihlala, ngombono wobuchopho, 'ingakaqedwa' — ihlala ingase ibaluleke, kodwa ayilokothi ixazululwe ngokuphelele. Ubuchopho buhlala buyigcina isebenza ngemuva. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwacwenga lo mbono: izinhloso ezingakaqedwa ziyaqhubeka zingenele emicabangweni yakho, kodwa ukumane wenze uhlelo olucacile lokuthi uzobhekana nazo nini futhi kanjani kwenza lokho kungenelela kunciphe (Masicampo & Baumeister, 2011).

Lowo msebenzi ongemuva udla inkumbulo esebenzayo. Inkumbulo esebenzayo iyinsiza yokuqonda esebenza kakhulu ekutheni ukucabanga okugxilile kube sezingeni elihle — ukubamba ulwazi engqondweni, ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto, nokugcina umugqa womcabango uqhubeka. Uma uyinciphisa ngokuhlala uqapha okwenzeka ngemuva, ikhwalithi yokucabanga kwakho iyehla, noma ungakuzwa ngisho ngokuqondile.

Izaziso ziphazamisa ukugxila ezingeni lesakhiwo

Uma isaziso sifika, umonakalo awupheli kuleyo mizuzwana engu-30 ethathayo ukusibuka kafushane. Ingxenye yokunaka kwakho isala kulokho kuphazamiseka, okusala kuwe kwehlisa ukusebenza kulokho obuyela kukho (Leroy, 2009). Futhi ezivivinyweni ezenziwa uGloria Mark nozakwabo e-UC Irvine, abantu abaphazanyiswayo abazange baqede umsebenzi wabo kancane. Bazivumelanisa ngokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa bakhokhela lokho ngokucindezeleka okwengeziwe, ukukhungatheka, nokucindezelwa yisikhathi. Lokhu akusikho ukungasebenzi kahle noma ukuntuleka kwamandla entando — kuyizindleko ezivamile zokwephula isimo sokucabanga esigxilile.

Ukugxila ngokujulile akusona iswishi esivuliwe noma esivaliwe nje. Kwakheka kancane kancane: ubuchopho bakho bakha imodeli esebenzayo yenkinga, bufaka umongo ofanele enkumbulweni, bese bumisa iphethini eqhubekayo yokuzibandakanya. Ukuphula leso simo akusikho nje ukusimisa — kusidiliza kancane. Ukusakha kabusha kuthatha isikhathi.

Isisebenzi solwazi esijwayelekile sithola izaziso eziningi ngosuku. Ungakwazi ukuhambisana nazo zonke — kodwa ukhokha ngengcindezi, futhi ukugxila okujulile akutholi nethuba lokuqala.

Ukubheka kudala umkhuba wokubheka

Kukhona enye indlela yesithathu eyenza lezi ezimbili ezingenhla zibe zimbi nakakhulu: umvuzo ongaguquguquki. Ukungakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi uzothola ini uma uhlola ifoni yakho — kwesinye isikhathi kukhona okuthakazelisayo, imvamisa akukho lutho — yilo kanye uhlelo lwemivuzo olusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqiniseni umkhuba wokuhlola ngokuqhutshwa wumfutho onzima ukuwulawula.

Umphumela wukuthi abantu babheka amafoni abo hhayi ngoba befuna lokho ngokuzazi, kodwa ngoba lowo mkhuba usuke usuqiniswe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane kwaze kwaba yilapho usebenza ngokuzenzakalela. Ucwaningo luthola ukuthi abasebenzisi be-smartphone babheka amadivayisi abo cishe izikhathi ezingu-85–150 ngosuku — cishe kanye njalo ngemizuzu eyisithupha kuya kweyishumi phakathi namahora okuvuka. Iningi lalezi zibhekelo liqala ngaphandle kwesinqumo esaziwayo sokubheka.

Ukubheka ngakunye kuyashintsha nomongo: ukuphazamiseka okufushane okubuyisela emuva inqubo yokwakha ukugxila futhi kwengeze insalela yokunaka — udoti wokuqonda wolwazi olucutshungulwe uhhafu odlulela kunoma yini oyenza ngokulandelayo.

Okubuyisa ngempela amandla okugxila

Ukuqhelelana, hhayi ukuzithiba

Ucwaningo lwe-University of Texas lwathola ukuthi inzuzo yokubeka ifoni eceleni yayikhula ngokuthi ifoni ibekwe kude kangakanani: ifoni ekamelweni elinye yayisiza kakhulu kunefoni ibheke phansi phezu kwedeski, yona yona yayisiza kakhulu kunefoni ibheke phezulu. Okufanele sikuthathe kulokhu wukuthi amandla okuzibamba akusilo ithuluzi elifanele lapha. Ukuzilawula akuhlali kunokwethenjelwa: kuba buthaka kakhulu uma ukhathele, ucindezelekile, noma uphazamisekile, kanti nombono odumile wokuthi amandla okuzibamba afana nethangi lamafutha eliphela lapho ulisebenzisa awuzange uqinisekiswe ezifundweni ezinkulu zokuphinda lolu cwaningo. Ukugcina ifoni kude kususa isidingo sokuzibamba ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlela indawo yakho ukuze ifoni ingabi khona ngokomzimba ngesikhathi sokugxila kusebenza kangcono kunanoma yimuphi umkhawulo wesikhathi sesikrini osuselwe kuhlelo lokusebenza, imodi empunga, noma ukuphathwa kwezaziso — ngoba kususa inqubo yokuqapha engemuva edla amandla okucabanga ngisho noma "ungasebenzisi ifoni yakho."

Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi nokubuyisela amandla

Ngisho noma kungekho ukwahlukaniswa ngokomzimba, kunezinguquko ezimbili zesakhiwo ezisekelwa ubufakazi obuqinile:

• Ukuhlanganisa izaziso. Ukuvala izaziso zesikhathi sangempela nokuhlola imilayezo ngezikhathi ezibekiwe (ngokwesibonelo, kathathu ngosuku ngezikhathi ezifanayo) kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuqeda isimo sokuhlale uqaphile kancane esidalwa ukulinda izaziso ngemuva. Ubuchopho buyeka ukwaba umsebenzi wokuqapha lapho busebuza ukuthi akukho okumele kuqashwe kuze kufike isikhathi esithile.
• Ukuphumula okuhleliwe. Ngemva komsebenzi wokugxila onzima, ubuchopho budinga ukuphumula kwangempela — hhayi ukubuka isikrini nje ungazibandakanyi, okuqhubeka nokuletha izikhuthazo nolwazi, kodwa ukuphumula kwengqondo ngempela. Ukuhamba okufushane ungaphethe ifoni, izikhathi zokuthula, noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongavusi kakhulu ovumela inethiwekhi yemodi ezenzakalelayo ukuthi isebenze ngokukhululeka. Le nethiwekhi iyasebenza ngesikhathi sokuphumula futhi idlala indima enkulu ekuqiniseni lokho okufundile nasekubuyiseleni amandla okunaka okugxilile.

Umbono wesikhathi eside

Kunohlangothi lwesikhathi eside kulokhu oluvame ukungavezwa ezelulekweni zokugxila. Ukuhlola ifoni njalo nangokuphindaphindiwe akuphazamisi nje ukugxila ngaleso sikhathi kuphela — ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi kungase kushintshe amandla okunaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuchayeka kaningi endaweni enokukhuthaza okuningi nokuphazamiseka okuningi kufundisa ubuchopho ukuba bulindele futhi bufune izinto ezintsha njalo. Ukubekezelela ukugxila isikhathi eside emsebenzini owodwa kuyancipha ngoba akukaze kujwayeleke.

Lokhu kungabuyiselwa esimweni sangaphambilini. Ubuchopho buyaguquguquka. Kodwa ukubuyela esimweni kudinga izikhathi ezinde — izinsuku kuya emasontweni, hhayi amahora — zokuncipha kokukhuthaza nokuzijwayeza ukugxila ngempela. Ukungakhululeki kokuqala kokujwayela (ukungahlaliseki, isifiso sokuhlola, isithukuthezi) kuwukuhoxa kobuchopho, akusona isibonakaliso sokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi lowo mkhuba wawujule kakhulu.

Icingo elisedeskini lakho alithathi hlangothi. Izaziso zakho azifiki mahhala. Futhi ukunaka kwakho, uma sekwehlukene, akubuyeli ndawonye ngesikhathi sako. Ukuqonda indlela lokhu okusebenza ngayo kwenza isixazululo sibonakale ngokusobala — noma kungelula.

Sources

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3. Leroy, S. (2009). Why is it so hard to do my work? The challenge of attention residue when switching between work tasks. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 168–181.
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5. Zeigarnik, B. (1927). Über das Behalten von erledigten und unerledigten Handlungen. Psychologische Forschung, 9, 1–85.
6. Leroy, S. (2009). Why is it so hard to do my work? The challenge of attention residue when switching between work tasks. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 168–181.
7. Masicampo, E.J., & Baumeister, R.F. (2011). Consider it done! Plan making can eliminate the cognitive effects of unfulfilled goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 667–683.

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