Izinhlelo zakho zenzelwe ukuba zibe nzima ukuzishiya. Nansi imikhonyovu ethile.

Uma ungakwazi ukumisa ukuhlola, indaba elula ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngawe — awunakho ukuzimisela, uyaphazamiseka, ungenamandla. Nansi indaba enembile: ungumuntu oyedwa, ophazamisekayo ophikisana namaqembu abaculi abakhangayo, abaphsychologist, kanye nososayensi bedatha abanemisebenzi ephelele, enezimali ezanele, yokukugcina use-app isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Akulona impi efanelekile, futhi lokhu akukaze kube njalo.

Emnothweni yokunakwa, isikhathi sakho nokugxila kwakho kuyimikhiqizo ethengiswa kubakhangisi, ngakho-ke umzuzu owengeziwe ohlezi kuwo ubelokhu ubalulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-app akhiwe — ngenhloso, ngosizo lwezesayensi yokuziphatha — ukuba kube nzima ukuwaphosa. Le ndatshana ibala izindlela ezithile, ngoba uma usubona amasu adlalwa ngawe, aqala ukulahlekelwa amandla awo.

Ukugxila kwakho kuyimveliso

Qala ngemodeli yebhizinisi, ngoba ichaza konke okunye. Ama-app amaningi owasebenzisayo awakhokhiwe, okusho ukuthi awuyena umthengi — ungumkhiqizo. Lokhu kuthengiswa kuyukugxila kwakho, okuhlinzekwa njengokukhangisa. Njengoba isikhathi nokubandakanywa ama-app akukhokhisa, kunciphisa umthamo wezikhangiso futhi kuqoqe idatha eyengeziwe ukuze ikuthinte. Ukuqhubeka kokuskrola akuyona iphutha elamukelekayo; kuyinsiza ephelele yokwenzela imali.

Lokhu kuhambisana nezifiso ze-app ngqo ngokuphila kwakho kahle. I-app eyakusiza ukuthola lokho okudingayo futhi ikushiye ngokushesha izokwenza imali encane kune-eyokugcina ungena njalo. Ngakho-ke, umgomo wokwakha akuwona ukwaneliseka kwakho — kodwa isikhathi osichitha ku-app. Uma uqonda ukuthi abantu abakha lezi zimpahla bagxile ekuheheni, hhayi ekuthuthukiseni kwakho, lezi zindlela ezithile azizange zibe yisimanga. Zonke zisebenza ukuze zifinyelele inombolo eyodwa: imizuzu.

Uma i-app ingekho imali, ukunaka kwakho kuyimveliso ethengiswayo. Yonke ukukhetha kokwakha kugxile enombolweni eyodwa — imizuzu ku-app — futhi le nombolo ibhidliza ngokuphelele ukuthola lokho okudingayo nokushiya. Lezi zindlela azizona izinkinga; ziwumsebenzi.

Izindlela ezithile

Ukuphindaphinda okungapheli

Ithiphu elisebenzayo kakhulu. Ngokukhipha noma iyiphi indawo yokuphela — umphakathi uqhubeka nokulayisha — izinhlelo zokusebenza zikhubaza izinkumbulo zokumisa ezivamile ezizokwenza ukuthi uyeke. Umklami owakha ukuphindaphinda okungapheli uveze ukungajabuli ngokukhuluma ngakho, ikakhulukazi ngoba kusebenza kahle ekugcineni abantu bephindaphinda ngaphezu kwendawo ababezozama ukuyeka. Akukho phansi kwekhasi kusho ukuthi akukho sikhathi esizenzakalelayo sokubuza "kufanele ngiyeke manje?"

Imivuzo ehlukahlukene (umshini weslot)

Ukudonsa ukuze uvuselele kusebenza njengokhonkolo lwe-slot machine: wenza isenzo bese uthola umvuzo ongakhethwanga — mhlawumbe into emangalisayo, mhlawumbe akukho lutho. Imivuzo engakhethwanga iyona edlala indima enkulu ekuphindaphindeni kwemikhuba, ibamba kakhulu kunezinto ezilindelekile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ziq deliberately ukwenza izinto ezinhle zifike ngesikhathi esingakhethwanga, ngoba mhlawumbe yikho okugcina umunwe wakho uhamba. Sikhuluma ngalokhu ku ukuthi i-dopamine iphatha kanjani imikhuba yakho.

Ukuphuthuma okwenziwe nokuqhubeka

Ukuqhubeka, "izindaba" ezinyamalala ezinsukwini eziyi-24, "okusebenza manje" izinkomba, izikhumbuzo zesikhathi esilinganiselwe — lokhu kudala ukwesaba kokulahlekelwa kanye nezibopho zomphakathi ezikudonsela emuva. Ukuqhubeka okwakho okwenziwe ezinsukwini eziyi-200 akusiyo impahla yakho; kuyisimo sokubanjwa esiklanyelwe ukwenza ukuthi ukuhoxa kubonakale njengokulahlekelwa. Ukuphuthuma kuklanyelwe ukuhoxisa inhloso yakho yokuhamba kancane.

Pressure yomphakathi nokubuyisana

Izaziso zokufunda, izinkomba zokubhala, "zibonwe" izimpawu, nezaziso zokuthi othile uxhumene nawe zonke zisebenzisa izinzwa zomphakathi ezijulile — umthwalo wokuphendula, ukuheha kokuvunywa komphakathi. Le app isebenzisa ukunakekela kwakho ngempela ngabanye abantu ukuze uqhubeke uhlole, iguqule ubudlelwano bakho babe yizikhonkwane zokubamba.

Izaziso nezimpawu ezibomvu

Sikukhulumele kahle ngalezi kwenye indawo, kodwa kulokhu inhloso yazo icacile: zonke izaziso nebhajethi ebomvu ziyizizathu ezenziwe ukuze uvule kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza. Eziningi azihlobene ngempela nokuqukethwe okusha, okufanele — ziyizikhumbuzo zokubuyisela abantu ezikhathini lapho behluleka. Bheka ingxenye yethu ethinta ukucisha cishe zonke izaziso zakho.

Kungani ukuchaza amaqhinga kunciphisa amandla awo

Nansi ingxenye ekhuthazayo. Iningi lezi zindlela zisebenza kangcono uma zingabonakali — uma uzwa ukuheha njengokufuna kwakho kunokuthi kube ukuphakamisa okwenziwe. Isikhathi lapho ungakwazi khona ukuchaza okwenzeka — "lokhu kuyi-infinite scroll okukhupha endaweni yokuma," "lokhu kuyi-reward eguquguqukayo egcina umunwe wakho uhamba," "le streak iyinhloso yokugwema ukulahlekelwa" — udala umkhawulo phakathi kweqhinga nokuphendula kwakho. Awusengaphakathi kuphela; ubuka ukuthi kusebenze.

Le ndlela yokubheka iphinde ikhulule ihlazo, okubaluleke kakhulu kunokubukeka. Uma ubekholelwa ukuthi ukuhamba kwakho kuyi-weakness yakho, yonke i-relapse iqinisekisa indaba embi ngawe. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ubhekene nokukhanga okwenziwe, okunezinsiza ezinhle kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ukuziphatha kokuzibulala: akukhona ukuthi uphukile, kukhona uhlelo olwakhelwe ukuwina amandla akho — ngakho-ke uyayeka ukuthembela kumandla akho futhi uqale ukushintsha uhlelo olungakuzungezile.

Ukulwa nokwakhiwa okwenziwe ngempela nendawo eyakhelwe

Njengoba ama-app esebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwendawo ngokuphikisana nawe, impendulo ephumelelayo iwukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwendawo emuva. Awukwazi ukuphikisa amandla akho kumshini wokubandakanya onemali engama-bhiliyoni ngesikhathi sangempela — kodwa ungashintsha izimo ukuze amahlaya abe nezinye izinto zokusebenza:

• Khansela imikhono ongayikhansela. Vala izaziso nezimpawu, vala ama-receipts okuthi ufunde lapho kungenzeka, futhi uvale izikhumbuzo ze-streak/story. Uyayisusa imikhono ethile ekuthintayo.
• Faka ukungasebenzi lapho bakususa khona. Phuma ukuze ukungena kube nomzamo, susa izinhlelo zokusebenza kusikrini sasekhaya, sebenzisa ama-timer ezinhlelo zokusebenza, noma uhlole ngendlela eneziphetho ezivamile. Ubuyisela izikhumbuzo zokuma ezisuswe yi-infinite scroll.
• Faka ibanga phakathi kwakho nedivayisi. Indlela ethembekile yokumelana ne-hook ethokozisayo njalo ukuwenza ungatholakali njalo. Uthola ukufinyelela, uvela emjikelezweni.
• Biza ubuciko ngesikhathi. Uma uzwa ukuheha, biza lokho. "Lokhu kuyinsiza engashintshi." "Lokhu kuyashesha okwenziwe." Ukubiza ngokwakho kuhlukanisa ukuzenzakalelayo.
• Khetha amathuluzi angathengisi ukunaka kwakho. Lapho kungenzeka, khetha izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo ezingenayo imodeli yebhizinisi yokwandisa ukuzibandakanya — izikhuthazo zishintsha ukwakheka, futhi izikhuthazo ezihlukene zenza amathuluzi athule.

Le mfundiso yonke iza ngemva komhlahlandlela wethu ku-ukunciphisa isikhathi sokubuka isikrini ngaphandle kokuzikhandla: ama-apps anqoba ngokwakha indawo yakho, ukuze uthole ukuphatha kabusha ngokuyihlela kabusha. Awudingi ukuba ne-discipline engaphezulu kwethimba labaklami bezimilo. Udinga nje ukushintsha ibhodi abaqhuba kuyo.

Umphumela ophakeme

Uma ungakwazi ukufaka ifoni yakho phansi, akukhona ngoba ungenamandla — kukhona ngoba ubhekene nokwakhiwa okuhlelekile, okuhlinzekwe kahle, nolwazi lwezesayensi okukhona okukhona okuhloswe ngakho ukukugcina ungena, ngoba ukunakwa kwakho kuyimikhiqizo ethengiswayo. Ukuskena okungapheli, imivuzo ehlukahlukene, ukuhamba okwenziwe, izinzwa zomphakathi ezihlaselayo: akukho okungafanele, futhi konke kuhlose inombolo eyodwa.

Isixazululo siqala ngokukubona kahle. Uma usukwazi ukubiza lezi zindlela, zinciphisa amandla azo angabonakali, futhi ihlazo elakugcina uboshiwe lishintshela kucebo. Awusoze wahlula ukuheha okuhleliwe ngamandla akho — kodwa ungakwazi ukuhoxisa izikhonkwane zakhona, ungeze emuva ukungqubuzana okwakukhona, futhi ushintshe indawo okuncike kuyo. Kwakungekho mfight elungile. Ngakho stopa ukulwa kahle, futhi uqale ukushintsha ibhodi.

Sources

1. Eyal, N. (2014). Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. Portfolio/Penguin.
2. Skinner, B.F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. Macmillan (variable-ratio reinforcement).
3. Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. PublicAffairs.
4. Montag, C., Lachmann, B., Herrlich, M., & Zweig, K. (2019). Addictive features of social media/messenger platforms and freemium games. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2612.
5. Williams, J. (2018). Stand Out of Our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy. Cambridge University Press.