Ukusebenza Ngokujulile Sekuphenduke Okungajwayelekile — Futhi Lokhu Kwenza Kube Nenjongo Ebalulekile

Ngo-1978, ukuphazamiseka okuyinhloko komsebenzi wezokwazi kwakungumakhalekhukhwini ophendulayo. Namuhla, umsebenzisi ojwayelekile ushintsha phakathi kwemisebenzi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza njalo emizuzwini engama-47, uthola izexwayiso eziningi ngehora, futhi uhamba phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisishiyagalolunye ezahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza esisodwa. Imvelo yokucabanga ishintshile kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eyikhulu edlule.

Okungashintshanga yilokho ubuchopho bomuntu budinga ukukhiqiza umphumela wabo obalulekile. Umsebenzi onzima, onzima, nokwakha — umsebenzi ophushela phambili — usadinga kahle lokho obekukade kudingeka: izikhathi ezide, ezingaphazamiseki zokugxila. Inkinga ukuthi izimo zalolu hlobo lokugxila zibe nzima kakhulu ukuthola, okusho ukuthi abantu abakwazi ukusigcina basenokuhlakanipha okukhanga, okungalinganiswa.

Yini umsebenzi ojulile ngempela

Igama laziwa kakhulu ngensayensi yekhompyutha nomlobi uCal Newport, owachaza umsebenzi ojulile njengemisebenzi yobungcweti eyenziwa esimweni sokugxila ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhuphula amakhono okucabanga emakhono awo. Kodwa umqondo ungasendaweni endala kunokwakhiwa kukaNewport futhi uxhomeke emithonjeni eminingi yesayensi yokucabanga.

Isici esiyinhloko somsebenzi ojulile akusikho kuphela ukuzikhandla noma isikhathi. Kuyikhwalithi yokuzibandakanya. Ucwaningo lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe olwenziwa ngu-K. Anders Ericsson luthole ukuthi izinzuzo zokusebenza ezihlukanisa ochwepheshe kubasebenzi abakhono zivela cishe ngokuphelele emsebenzini owenziwe ngenhloso — umsebenzi odinga ukunakwa okuphelele, impendulo esheshayo, nokusebenza okuqhubekayo emkhawulweni wokukwazi okwamanje. Lokhu akusikho ukuhlangabezana okungenzeka ezindaweni eziphakathi kokwaziswa.

Umsebenzi ojulile uveza izinto ezimbili ezingenziwa umsebenzi ophansi — i-imeyili, imihlangano, imisebenzi yokuphatha, imiyalezo ephendulayo — ezingakwazi: ukutholwa okusheshayo kwamakhono ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokukhiqizwa okwenziwe kahle. Ucwaningo luka-Ericsson luthole ukuthi abenzi abaphezulu emikhakheni ehlukene bahlanganisa isilinganiso sezinsuku ezine zalesi sikhathi somsebenzi owenziwe ngenhloso, ogxile. Izinsuku ezine zibonakala njengezikhathi eziphezulu ezingenziwa — hhayi ngoba abantu bakhetha ukuhamba, kodwa ngoba izinsiza zokucabanga ziqhubeka zincipha.

I-logic yezezimali

Iphuzu likaNewport ngokuyinhloko linomthelela wezomnotho: emakethe noma iyiphi lapho ukuzenzakalela nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kudlala imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokucabanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inzuzo esele yabantu ibekwe emkhakheni wokucabanga okungakwenziwa kahle yimishini — ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokwakha, ukuhlola okunembile, ukuqonda okwakho. Lezi zikhono zidinga umsebenzi ojulile. Umsebenzi ophansi, ngokuphambene, uveza umphumela okhula ngokushesha okungaphindwa.

Inani lezomnotho lokusebenza ngokujulile alikho ematheni. Ucwaningo lwabasebenzi bokwazi luhlala luthola ukuthi ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza nokusebenza kokudala kukhiqizwa kakhulu ezimweni zokugxila, ezingaphazamiseki. Ucwaningo lwango-2016 olushicilelwe kwiJournal of Applied Psychology luthole ukuthi noma ukuphazamiseka okuncane — ukungaphazamiseki kwemizuzwana emibili — kwanda kakhulu amazinga amaphutha emisebenzini edinga ukunakwa okuqhubekayo, nemiphumela ihlala isikhathi eside ngaphezu kokuphazamiseka uqobo.

Kungani ukugxila okuqhubekayo kukhiqiza inani elingafani

Ubudlelwano phakathi kokujula kokugxila nokukhwalithi yokukhiqiza abuhambisani kahle. Buphakathi kokukhula okukhulu emsebenzini odinga ingqondo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisebenzi yokucabanga ewusizo kakhulu — ukwenza ukuxhumana okusha phakathi kwemigomo, ukuthola amaphethini angabonakali, ukwakha izimangalo ezihambisanayo ezivela ezifakazweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhiqiza imibono eqinile — kudinga ukuvulwa kwamasistimu amaningi okukhumbula kanye nokugcina izinto eziningi engqondweni ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Imemori yokusebenza — uhlelo olugcina ulwazi engqondweni ngesikhathi uyilungisa — lunomthamo omele uthathe cishe izingcezu ezine zolwazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umsebenzi onzima udinga ukugcina izinto eziningi kakhulu kunalokho, okwenziwa ubuchopho ngokushesha kuphumeza phakathi kwazo, kugcinwa kusebenze ngenqubo esekelwe ekugxileni okuqhubekayo. Phula lokho kugxila, futhi izinto ezigcinwe ziqala ukuhamba. Ukwakha kabusha lezo zinto ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kuthatha isikhathi futhi kudinga izinsiza zengqondo.

Inkinga eyandayo yokuhlala ugxile

Umphenyi uSophie Leroy eNyuvesi yaseWashington uthole indlela ayibiza ngokuthi ukuhlala kugxile: uma ushintsha ukugxila kwakho emsebenzini owodwa uye komunye, ingxenye yezinsiza zakho zengqondo ihlala ixhumene nomsebenzi wangaphambili. Le ngxube iqhubeka ngisho noma usuhambile ngokuqondile. Njengoba umsebenzi wangaphambili ungaphelele, kukhula le ngxube.

Endaweni yokusebenza yokwazi lapho abantu bephakathi kwemisebenzi eminingi, imiyalezo eminingi evulekile, nezidingo ezihlala zifika, umthwalo wezinsuku zokucabanga ungaba mkhulu. Abantu bafika emsebenzini obalulekile sebekhululekile ngokwengqondo — hhayi ngoba bakhathele, kodwa ngoba bahlukene ngokwengqondo. Banezwi lokusebenza ngenkathi amandla abo okucabanga ajulile ehla kakhulu.

Kunzima ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle uma ingxenye yengqondo yakho ihlale ikhuluma kwenye indawo. Ukuphuma kokucabanga akuyona imfanekiso — kuyisimo sokucabanga esilinganisiwe esinciphisa ikhwalithi yalokho okwamanje okwenzayo.

Kungani umsebenzi ojulile uba nzima

Ukuhlukaniswa kokugxila emsebenzini wezokwazi wanamuhla akuwona umphumela ongekho emthethweni. Ngempela, kungenxa enkulu yokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bukhona kanjani nokuthi izinhlangano zenzelwe kanjani lelo thuluzi.

Ama-imeyili nezinkundla zokuxhumana akha okulindelwe kokutholakala ngokushesha. Ucwaningo lukaGloria Mark eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, Irvine lwathola ukuthi abasebenzi bezokwazi bahlola ama-imeyili izikhathi ezingu-74 ngosuku, futhi ngemva kokuphazamiseka kwe-imeyili, abasebenzi bathatha isikhathi esiphakathi kwezikhathi ezingu-64 ukuze babuyele emsebenzini wokuqala — uma bebuya nakancane ngaphakathi kwesikhawu esifanele. Amahhovisi avulekile, aklanyelwe ngokubukeka ukuze kube nokubambisana, ayindawo ethokozisayo kakhulu yokuhlola ukuphazamiseka kokugxila: ucwaningo lwango-2018 kwiPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society lwathola ukuthi ukushintsha kwamahhovisi avulekile kwehlisa ukuxhumana ngobuso nobuso futhi kuphazamisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza ngokugxila.

Umkhuba wokuhlala uvuliwe

Ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwamahhovisi kanye nenani le-imeyili, kukhona inkinga ejulile yomkhuba wokuhlala uvuliwe: okulindelwe — futhi kaningi okukhuluma ngokuqondile — ukuthi abasebenzi bezolwazi bazophendula eziteshini eziningi ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nosuku lokusebenza. Lo mkhuba wenza kube nzima ukuhlela umsebenzi ojulile, ngoba noma yisiphi isikhathi esivikelwe sokugxila kufanele sivikelwe kulokho okuzobonakala njengokufaneleka kwezidingo ezingenayo.

Umphumela ukuthi abaningi babasebenzi bezolwazi abazami nhlobo ukwenza umsebenzi ojulile. Cha ngoba bahlanya noma bangenamkhuba, kodwa ngoba imvelo yezenhlalo nezobuchwepheshe abahlanganyela kuyo ibenza bazizwe kungafanele ukuba bangatholakali isikhathi eside. Ukusebenza — ukuphendula, ukuya emihlanganweni, ukugcina umsebenzi obonakalayo — sekube yisikhombisi sokukhiqiza, ngisho noma kubonakala kunciphisa umphumela wangempela.

I-neuroscience yokugeleza nokuthi kungani ukuphazamiseka kuvimba lokhu

I-neuroscience yokugxila okujulile ixhumene ngqo nocwaningo ngezimo zokugeleza — isimo sokucabanga esaqanjwa kuqala ngokuqondile nguMihaly Csikszentmihalyi lapho umuntu eba khona ngokuphelele emsebenzini onzima, elahlekelwa ukuqonda kwesikhathi nokwakhe, esebenza ngempumelelo ephezulu. Ukugeleza akusikho kuphela okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo. Kunophawu lwe-neurological olungalinganiswa futhi kukhiqiza umphumela ophakeme ongalinganiswa.

Izifundo ze-EEG zabantu abaphakathi kwezimo zokugeleza zikhombisa umkhuba ophawulekayo wokwanda kwemisebenzi ye-theta ezindaweni eziphambili — ehambisana nokugxila okuqhubekayo — kuhambisana nokwehla kwemisebenzi ye-beta ezindaweni ezihlobene nokuzihlola nokuhlola abantu. Ngempela, ubuchopho bungena emkhakheni lapho umsebenzi ophakeme ugxile ngokuphelele emsebenzini futhi umthwalo wezokuphila wokuzazi uyasuswa okwamanje. Abantu abaphakathi kwezimo zokugeleza babika ukuthi bazizwa benza kalula ngisho noma besebenza ezingeni eliphezulu noma ngaphezulu kwamakhono abo wamanje.

Kungani ukugeleza kudinga isikhathi ukuze kufinyelelwe

Ukugeleza akufiki ngokushesha. Ucwaningo lukaCsikszentmihalyi kanye nemisebenzi yelabhorethri eyenziwe abanye njalo kuthola ukuthi ukudlula esimweni sokuphazamiseka noma esimweni esijwayelekile kube yinto edinga cishe imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwemizuzu engamashumi amabili yokuzibandakanya okuqhubekayo nomsebenzi onzima. Le nkathi yokudlula idinga umzamo wokucabanga — lapho ingqondo ivame ukukhiqiza imicabango ephazamisayo, ihlole izifiso, futhi idale izizathu zokwenza okuthile okunye.

Ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokushintsha lokhu kubuyisela isikhathi. Ukuphazamiseka uma sekuqediwe ukuhamba kuphula isimo ngokuphelele. Ngoba ukuhlela kabusha ukuhamba ngemva kokuphazamiseka kudinga eminye imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kweyishumi nambili, izindawo zokusebenza lapho ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka kaningi kunesikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amabili — okuchaza iningi lezi zikhungo ezivulekile nezinsuku eziningi zabasebenzi bokwazi — kwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela nokugcina izimo zokuhamba.

Le yindlela ethile lapho iselula noma indawo yokwazisa evulekile ibhubhisa khona umsebenzi ojulile wokucabanga. Inkinga akusikho isikhathi esithile esichithwa siphendula kwaziswa. Inkinga yizinsuku ezingeziwe ezingamashumi amabili zokuphazamiseka kokugxila okulandelayo. Phakathi kosuku lokusebenza olunokuphazamiseka okungama-30 noma okungama-40, lokhu kumela ukususa ngokuphelele izimo zokusebenza okujulile.

Ukuphazamiseka kwedijithali kanye nomnotho wokunaka

Imvelo yetheknoloji eyahlukanisa ukunaka kwanamuhla ayizange iklanyelwe ukuphila kahle kokucabanga. Yakhelwe ukuheha abantu — ikakhulukazi, ukuthola nokugcina ukunaka isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinqubo ezenza amapulatifomu omphakathi nezinhlelo zokwazisa zisebenze kahle ekutholeni ukunaka yizindlela ezifanayo ezenza zingahambisani nokusebenza okujulile okuqhubekayo.

Izinhlelo zokreward eziguquguqukayo — ukuhlinzekwa okungaqondakali, okuphindaphindiwe kokuhlangenwe nakho okuthakazelisayo noma okubalulekile — zikhona phakathi kwezindlela ezinamandla zokufundisa ukuziphatha ezaziwayo. Zishayela ukuzihlola ngendlela efanayo nokuthi imishini yokudlala ishaye izinsimbi. Umphumela uba ukugxila okuqhubekayo kumakhalekhukhwini ngisho nasekutheni akukho okulindelwe okukhethekile. Ucwaningo lwango-2017 olwenziwa ngu-Adrian Ward nabanye e-University of Texas lwathola ukuthi ukuvela nje kwe-smartphone etafuleni — ubuso phansi, kukhanya — kwehlisa amandla okucabanga emisebenzini edinga ukunakwa okujolile, ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yezinsiza zokunaka ezidingekayo ukuze ungabandakanyi nayo.

Umqondo ubonisa ukuthi: ukuvikela amandla okusebenza okujulile kudinga ukuphatha ngempumelelo imvelo, hhayi nje ukusebenzisa amandla okuzikhandla. Amandla okuzikhandla ayinsiza yokucabanga engeke iphumelele uma isetshenziswa. Ukuklama imvelo — ukususa ifoni egumbini, ukuvimbela amasayithi aphazamisayo ezingeni le-router, ukuhlela izikhathi zokuxhumana esikhundleni sokugcina ukufinyelela okujwayelekile — kuyindlela ethembekile futhi engabizi kakhulu yokungenelela.

Iphrothokholi yokusebenza okujulile esebenzayo

Ucwaningo luhlangene kumqondo othile ophumelelayo ophindaphindwe ezifundweni zabaculi abanolwazi nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abaphumelele ekwakheni kabusha amandla abo okugxila isikhathi eside. Lezi akuzona izindlela eziphusile noma amahlaya. Ziyizinguquko ezisemqoka endleleni isikhathi nokunaka kuhlelwe ngayo.

Isinyathelo 1 — Hlela isikhathi sokugxila kusenesikhathi

Izikhathi zokusebenza ezinzulu kumele zihlale zihlala kusenesikhathi, zithathwe njengemihlangano eqinile, futhi zivikelwe ekushintsheni. U-Newport uhlukanisa izimiso eziningi zokuhlela: indlela yokuphila enokuthula (ukususa izibopho ezisheshayo cishe ngokuphelele), indlela ye-bimodal (ukugcinwa kwezinsuku noma amasonto aphelele ukuze kusebenza kahle, kuyilapho kuvunyelwe ukusebenza okusheshayo kwezinye izikhathi), indlela yokuhamba (ukuhlela ibhlogo eliqinile lokusebenza okujulile ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke), kanye nendlela yezindaba (ukufaka ukusebenza okujulile kunoma yiziphi izikhala ezitholakalayo ohlelweni). Kubantu abaningi abanemithwalo yokuhlela, indlela yokuhamba iyona engcono kakhulu: ibhlogo eliqinile leminithi engama-90 kuya kwengama-120 ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.

Isikhathi esithile singenza kube lula, kodwa ukubambelela kubaluleke kakhulu. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sifundisa ubuchopho ukuthi silindele umsebenzi ogxilile ngaleso sikhathi sosuku, okunciphisa umzamo wokushintsha ube sesimweni sokugxila. Izikhathi zasemorning — ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhamba kwemiyalezo kosuku kuqale — zihlala zisebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu abaningi, kodwa okubalulekile ukuvikela, hhayi isikhathi.

Isinyathelo 2 — Susa ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo ngokuphelele

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujulile, ifoni kumele ikhishwe ngokuphelele endaweni yokusebenza, hhayi nje ukuba ithulisiwe noma ibekwe phansi. Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguWard et al. olukhuluma ngenhla lukhombisa ukuthi ukusondela kuphela kwefoni kunciphisa ukusebenza kwengqondo noma ngabe idivayisi ayisetshenziswanga. Izaziso kumakhompyutha kumele zikhishwe ezingeni lesistimu, hhayi nje ukungazikhathazi. Uma umsebenzi udinga ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi, izithiyo zewebhusayithi (Freedom, Cold Turkey) kumele zisetshenziswe ukuvinjwa ukufinyelela kukho konke ngaphandle kwalokho okudingekayo ngqo.

Le nhlangano yokulawula imvelo ibonakala iyinqaba kubantu abaningi abangakaze bayisebenzise. Akuyona into eqinile. Kuyisimo esincane kuphela sokuthi ubuchopho bukhawulelwe izinsiza eziphelele emsebenzini wokucabanga. Ukungakhululeki kuyikho — ukungabi nentshisekelo, umuzwa wokufuna ukuhlola okuthile, umuzwa wokuthi okuthile okubalulekile kungaphuthelwa — futhi kudlula cishe emaminithini ayishumi kuya kwangu-15. Ukubekezelela lokhu kuyinsiza.

Isinyathelo sesi-3 — Yakha amandla kancane kancane

Abantu abachithe iminyaka bephakathi kwemvelo yokunakwa okuphukile bahluleka ngempela ukuba namandla okugcina ukunakwa. Lokhu akukhona ukungafaneleki komuntu kodwa kuyindlela yokuzivumelanisa kwezobuchopho: ubuchopho buphinde baphansi izinhlelo ezihlobene nokugxila okuqhubekayo ngoba azikaze zifunelekile njalo. Ukubuyisela le mandla kudinga isikhathi, futhi ukuzama ukuqala ngama-blocks emisebenzi ejulile emashumini amane kuzokwenza kube nokudumazeka nokwehluleka.

Uhlelo olusebenzayo kakhulu luqala ngezikhathi ezimfishane — imizuzu engamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amahlanu yokugxila ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka — bese lwandisa isikhathi ngeminithi eyishumi nambili ngeviki njengoba ukwazi ukukwazi kukhula. Ukuzivumelanisa kwe-neurological ngakolunye uhlangothi kulandela umqondo ofanayo nokwehla: isidingo esiqhubekayo sikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa. Abacwaningi abahlola ukuvuselelwa kokugxila bathole ukuthuthuka okukh measurable ekwazini ukugxila okuqhubekayo phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine zokuzilolonga okuqondile.

Isinyathelo 4 — Yamukela ububanzi obuhlelelekile

Umsebenzi ophansi — i-imeyili, imisebenzi yokuphatha, ukuxhumana okujwayelekile — akuwona umphikisi womsebenzi ojulile. Ingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi owaziwayo. Inkinga ivela uma umsebenzi ophansi uvunyelwe ukuba uthathe isikhathi esitholakalayo sonke. Isiphakamiso sikaNewport siwukuhlela isikhathi sokusebenza ophansi, ukusisebenzisa kahle kulolo suku, bese uyeka. Ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana ezikhathini ezimbili noma ezintathu ezichaziwe ngosuku, esikhundleni sokugcina ukuhlinzekwa okujwayelekile, kukhuphula ikhwalithi yamabhulokhi omsebenzi ojulile futhi, ngokuphambene, kuvame ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphendula ezixhumanweni nakho.

• Vikela ibhlogo yansuku zonke. Qala ngama-45 imizuzu ngaleso sikhathi nsuku zonke. Hlela njengokuhlangana futhi ubheke ukushintsha njengokwehlukana okudinga isizathu esithile, hhayi njengokujwayelekile.
• Susa ifoni egumbini. Ayisiphumeli — susa. Ucwaningo lukaWard nabanye lucacisa ukuthi ukusondela kuphela kubeka izindleko zokucabanga.
• Chaza umsebenzi kahle ngaphambi kokuthi uqale. Ukufika seshini yokusebenza ejulile ngaphandle kokuchazwa kahle kokuthi yini oyisebenzisayo kudla isikhathi sokuhlela kunokusebenza. Bhala umbuzo othile ofuna ukuwuphendula noma umphumela othile owukhiqizayo.
• Landela izeshini, hhayi amahora. Qopha zonke izeshini eziqediwe kungakhathaliseki isikhathi. Umphumela obalulekile ekuqaleni ukujwayeleka, hhayi inani.
• Hlela amawindi okuxhumana. Bheka i-imeyili nemiyalezo ngezikhathi ezichaziwe — ekuseni, phakathi nosuku, ekupheleni kosuku — hhayi ukuphendula ukufika. Lokhu kudinga ukuxhumana ngalolu hlelo kubalingani, okwenza kube nokuqina.
• Thuthukisa isikhathi ngama-15 imizuzu ngeviki. Qala ngama-45 imizuzu uye kuma-90 imizuzu ezinsukwini eziyisithupha. Ngama-90 imizuzu, utshalomali lwezokusebenza ekushintsheni lukhona kahle futhi ubude beseshini bufaneleka emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Umbono wokushoda ngokuphelele

Umbono wokuqala kaNewport udinga ukuphindwa ngokuqinile: siphila ngesikhathi lapho inani lezomnotho lomsebenzi ojulile linyuka, kanti nezimo ezakhiwe ukuze kuqhutshwe lo msebenzi ziba zimbi kakhulu. Lokhu akusilo ukukhalaza ngalesi sikhathi samanje. Kuyisibonakaliso sokungalingani kokuhlinzekwa-nokudinga okwakha inzuzo yangempela kubantu abakha amandla okusebenza ngokuqinile.

Inzuzo iyanda. Umsebenzi ojulile ukhiqiza imiphumela engcono, okwakha amakhono ngokushesha, okwenza kube nokusebenza okunzima kakhulu futhi okunomsebenzi, okudingayo ukugxila okukhulu kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umqondo ophukile uthola imiphumela engalungile naphezu kokuzikhandla okukhulu, okwakha umjikelezo wokusebenza ongenamsebenzi ngaphandle kokuthuthuka — umuzwa wokusebenza kanzima ngenkathi kukhiqizwa kancane okubalulekile.

Lokhu akusiyo ukuphuculwa kokusebenza. Kuyincazelo yesikhono esiyinhloko sokucabanga esinqumayo ukuthi abantu abawazi kahle bangakhiqiza malini. Abantu abagcina futhi bathuthukisa amandla abo okugxila isikhathi eside abawenzi into ethile eyinqaba. Benza lokho okudingwa umsebenzi wokucabanga onenani eliphezulu.

Izindlela ezifanayo ezenza umsebenzi ojulile ube nzima — ukuheha okuqhubekayo kwezaziso, ukujikeleza kwe-dopamine kwemivuzo yokuxhumana ehlukahlukene, ukuhlukana kokunaka ngenxa yokusebenzisa ifoni — zixoxwa ngemininingwane ezindaweni zethu eziphathelene ne-indlela ifoni eshaya ngayo ukugxila, indlela i-dopamine ikhuthaza ukuziphatha okujwayelekile, kanye ne-indlela yokwehlisa isikhathi sokubuka isikrini. I-neuroscience kuyo yonke emithathu ixhumene ngqo nalokho okwenza umsebenzi ojulile ube khona noma ungabi khona.

Sources

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